Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are the most common oral decongestants in OTC cold medications. In some studies, decongestant use in the first trimester has been associated with a small increase of defects thought to arise, in some instances, from vascular disruption, such as gastroschisis, small intestinal atresia, and hemifacial microsomia.
Xylometazoline and oxymetazoline are inhaled decongestants, which are also available OTC. Xylometazoline is absorbed systemically after topical use American Medical Association Council on Drugs, unpublished data, ; however, the extent of systemic absorption and whether or not it crosses the placenta are unknown. The results of one human study of women who used xylometazoline in the first trimester of pregnancy failed to show any increase in incidence of birth defects. Diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine are the most commonly used antihistamines in cold preparations.
These first-generation antihistamines are associated with drowsiness but have not been found to increase the risk of malformations above baseline. Guaifenesin is an expectorant also found in many cold medications.
There have been several studies involving hundreds of pregnant women that did not report increased risk of major malformations. Pregnant women suffering from the common cold can be reassured about the safety of short-term use of OTC cold medications. These drugs, however, should not be used indiscriminately or for extended periods of time. In addition, use should be confined to only those products that are appropriate for the symptoms. Competing interests.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Can Fam Physician v. Can Fam Physician. Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract QUESTION Many of my pregnant patients inquire as to what medication they can use when they experience symptoms of the common cold, such as cough, congestion, sneezing, and fever. Decongestants Pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are the most common oral decongestants in OTC cold medications.
How can I tell if it's a cold or flu? With a cold, you will have: a sore throat a blocked or runny nose, sneezing and a cough You might also experience a mild fever or a headache, although these symptoms are not as common. As a general rule, the flu comes on faster. What natural remedies can I try? Vapour rubs Menthol sweets Vitamin C tablets Steam inhalation Gargle with salt water "Try vapour rubs and menthol sweets to clear congestion," says Gill.
What can I do to avoid catching a cold? However, Dr Ellie suggests a few ways that we can try and avoid it: Have good hand hygiene and make sure to wash them regularly with warm water and soap Avoid anyone that's unwell or suggestive of a cold or flu Try not to let yourself get run down Strengthen your immune system by eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly and avoiding smoking. When to seek medical advice You should start to feel better within a couple of weeks, however, the NHS advises to seek medical attention if you experience the following: your symptoms do not improve after 3 weeks your symptoms get suddenly worse your temperature is very high or you feel hot and shivery you're feeling short of breath or develop chest pain Popular articles to read next Pregnancy week by week Vaccinations in pregnancy: which should you get and what are the benefits Winter health tips for the whole family.
Read more on SA Health website. Influenza the flu is a highly contagious disease, usually prevented by vaccination and treated by managing symptoms. Spread by body fluids from infected people, symptoms include a runny nose and sore throat.
Flu can affect anyone but is especially serious for babies and older people. Pregnancy, Birth and Baby is not responsible for the content and advertising on the external website you are now entering. Video call. This information is for your general information and use only and is not intended to be used as medical advice and should not be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any medical condition, nor should it be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Your name: is required Error: This is required. Some of the medications that could help with cold symptoms are off-limits to moms-to-be because they may complicate pregnancy and cause harm to their unborn baby, although further research needs to be done. Off-limit meds include:. Besides avoiding anyone who is visibly sick, wash your hands with soap and water a little more often — and scrupulously — than you did before. In a pinch, carry an alcohol gel with 60 percent alcohol on the label for quick sanitizing on the go.
Viruses are almost impossible to avoid, especially in the winter. And just remember: This, too, shall pass. What to Expect follows strict reporting guidelines and uses only credible sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions and highly respected health organizations.
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