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Despite the popularity of the novel, Margaret Mitchell was not interested in producing a sequel. The first authorized sequel, "Scarlett" by Alexandra Ripley, was not published until Production began with Robert Gleckler playing Jonas Wilkerson. After a month of filming, Gleckler died. His scenes were re-shot with replacement cast member Victor Jory.
The Tara home used in the film was created by art director Lyle R. In Forty Acres and its contents were sold to television production company Desilu Productions. In the facade was sold to Southern Attractions, Inc. The main poster artwork for the 70mm re-release in was drawn by Italian artist Silvano Campeggi who passed away in late August , aged This artwork has been used in marketing the movie in every release format to this day. The Hill of Tara, after which the Tara plantation is named, holds special cultural significance for the Irish people.
It is connected to their archaeological, mythical and historical past. Archaeological evidence has revealed that the Hill was in use by local people since the Neolithic era. Margaret Mitchell 's depictions of black characters are considered controversial. Her own views on African-Americans were influenced by her childhood experience of racial tensions between the affluent Jackson Hill area of Atlanta, where she grew up, and neighboring Darktown, an African-American neighborhood remembered as a "hellhole of squalor, degradation, sickness, crime and misery".
There were recurring rumors of black men raping white women, which caused a violent Atlanta race riot While her family took no part in the anti-black riot, the events took place close to Mitchell's home and she vividly remembered them to adulthood. The African American male was regarded in Georgia as a "black beast rapist". In his autobiography, Malcolm X has this to say: "I remember one thing that marred this time for me: the movie 'Gone with the Wind.
Musgrave for developing the equipment that allowed for the creation of visual effects with three-strip Technicolor equipment. For years afterward, Selznick and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer added these two special-category Academy Awards to the official Oscar count and claimed that the film was the first to win ten Academy Awards, when in fact West Side Story would earn the distinction, twenty-two years later.
Bankhead an authentic "Southern Belle" from Alabama was the clear front-runner, but her unsavory personal life made producers reluctant to hire her.
In Judy Lewis went public with the information that she was indeed the "love child" of Clark Gable and Loretta Young , which had been the subject of speculation in Hollywood for years Young always claimed she went away for a while, found the girl, and adopted her.
Howard received sole screen credit. Selznick also wrote much of the screenplay. This was cinematographer Ernest Haller 's first color film. The first film to earn two Best Supporting Actress nominations. Hattie McDaniel won for her performance, while Olivia de Havilland was nominated as well. Scott Fitzgerald, amongst others, making contributions. He alone won the Oscar for Best Screenplay Adaption, but wasn't there to accept it as he'd been killed earlier in the year in an accident on his farm.
Was voted the eighth greatest film of all time by "Entertainment Weekly" magazine. Selznick always wanted Leslie Howard to play Ashley. He was so certain Howard was right for the part that he never auditioned him but screen-tested him solely to see if he would photograph well in color without recording any audio.
The footage of this screen test can be seen on the 70th-anniversary box set along with copies of memos sent by Selznick throughout the studio advocating Howard for the role. Selznick traveled to Bermuda in September to finalize the script. He reportedly brought four suitcases full of drafts with him. Reportedly when Joan Fontaine was considered for the role, she rejected it but suggested her sister de Havilland for the part.
Shirley, Hunt and Leeds were the only ones who underwent a screen test for the part. Selznick , in a memo from October about the movie's writing credits: "You can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten.
Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of Oliver Garrett 's in the whole script. As to construction, this is about eighty per cent my own, and the rest divided between Jo Swerling and Sidney Howard, with Hecht having contributed materially to the construction of one sequence.
Tallulah Bankhead reportedly turned down the role of Belle Watling. At one point, five film units were shooting scenes. Both of Margaret Mitchell 's grandfathers were Confederate veterans. After being severely wounded in battle, he spent the rest of the war as a nurse. Her maternal grandfather John Stephens was a captain in the Confederate Army. This was originally the longest film to be preserved at the National Film Registry until Flash Gordon broke its record seven years later.
A major problem was what to use for Georgia's red earth. Brick dust was too heavy and talc too sticky. In the finish tile dust from the local kilns was used. During the Atlanta ballroom scene, when Doctor Meade announces that if a gentleman would like to dance with a lady, he'd have to bid for her, there is a group of ladies who scream. If you fast forward to the scene when Scarlett enters upon the madness of the Main Street in Atlanta, there is the sound of a group of ladies screaming in fear.
It's the same group scream heard in the ballroom. Repurposing sounds from other scenes was a common practice in movie making. The 13th Article of Amendment to the US Constitution ended slavery in the USA, but had minimal effects on the plot of the novel and its film adaptation. Minor black characters and the masses of former slaves who became freedmen largely wandered off.
Meanwhile, named house servants such as Mammy, Pork, Prissy and Uncle Peter continue to serve the same masters and their families. They either don't want to leave or have nowhere to go. Scarlett thinks to herself, "There were qualities of loyalty and tirelessness and love in them that no strain could break, no money could buy". This attitude continues to exist in certain segments of Southern society, which still believe that blacks were better off under slavery.
One of the first promising candidates for the role of Scarlett was Adele Longmire , who was 17 at the time. Her parents did not permit her to travel to New York for a screen test, so she did not appear in any film until several years later.
Came first in the UK's Ultimate Film, in which films were placed in order of how many seats they sold at cinemas, with an estimated two-thirds of the UK's population going to see it. The Tara plantation of the novel and its adaptations is located five miles 8 km from Jonesboro in Clayton County, on the east side of the Flint River. It is about 20 miles 32 km south of Atlanta. Although Selznick was insistent on finding a unknown to play Scarlett he became impressed very early on with Paulette Goddard.
In fact watching Goddard's screen test one can see that Goddard possessed much of the same passion and mannerisms that Vivien Leigh possesses in her performance. In the end the choice for Scarlett came down to Goddard and Leigh. Two things tipped everything in Leigh's favor.
One was that Goddard was living with actor Charlie Chaplin at the time when the two of them were unmarried. Selznick felt that the publicity from this fact might hurt the film. Leigh herself was already in the middle of an affair with Laurence Olivier, both of them were married to other people at the time, but Leigh being an unknown from England made that fact less likely to be a problem.
Selznick felt that southerners might have a problem accepting a Yankee as Scarlett. Indeed when Leigh was announced as the choice as Scarlett southerners reasoned better an English woman than a Yankee.
The Old Mill at T. Pugh Memorial Park in North Little Rock, Arkansas, is featured in the opening scenes and is believed to be the only remaining building from the film.
This is the first of two films in which Vivien Leigh won the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing a Southern belle who loses her family fortune and becomes destitute. The second film was A Streetcar Named Desire It was shown in Sidney Howard agreed to write the screenplay, but from his home in Massachusetts, miles away from studio interference.
His first draft would have made a 5. Howard reluctantly agreed to leave his Massachusetts farm and come to Hollywood to work on another draft with Selznick and then-attached director George Cukor. As Selznick was preoccupied with problems on the set of The Prisoner of Zenda , Howard had to wait five weeks before he was able to start working on another draft in the meantime contributing some rewrites for "Zenda".
The second draft turned out to be 15 pages longer than the first. Selznick 's first choice to direct Gone with the Wind was George Cukor , with whom Selznick had a long working relationship, and who had already spent almost two years in pre-production on the film. After filming had been officially commenced, Cukor came into conflict with Clark Gable and Selznick on the set.
Gable thought Cukor, seen as a "woman's director", was giving too much attention to Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland , while Selznick felt the film, under Cukor's direction, lacked dynamism. The director and producer also quarreled against each other on the direction of the film and the script, the latter of which had not been completed yet and still going through countless revisions from different writers. After less than three weeks of principal photography, Cukor was fired by Selznick.
With the budget and production problems accelerating to the extreme, Selznick was frantic to find a new director as soon as possible. At Gable's suggestion, the producer, then, thought about Victor Fleming.
To be sure before he made an official decision, Selznick went to the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio to view footage from Fleming's latest picture, The Wizard of Oz , which was not yet released. After viewing all of the footage, Selznick was astonished. He was highly impressed by the film and Fleming's direction. He saw Fleming as a visionary filmmaker, who can expertly 1 create a film with an epic size and scope of titanic proportions and with great ambition; 2 create a world-building universe where audiences can instantly be transported to, where they can be part of the story and action; 3 mix and blend different film genres that would work beautifully and perfectly with a particular story; 4 imbue great sensitivity to the characters; and 5 coach great performances from his actors.
Just from watching the footage for "Oz", Selznick believed that Fleming, as a director, would have the same qualities, ambition, and vision that Selznick had and needed for Gone with the Wind When talking about the director with Louis B. Mayer , then-head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Selznick learned that Fleming was also a consummate studio director, who was capable of doing the job, keep it under control, take it home, get it done, and deliver exactly what the studio wanted, while adhering true to his own instincts and vision in filmmaking.
That further endeared to Selznick. After reviewing other potential candidates for the position, he decided that Fleming should be the one to direct the film.
The director, himself, initially had some reservations about directing the film, but after a couple of meetings with Selznick, he shared the producer's ambition for the film and began to believe that he can do it and, after a short time, finally agreed to direct the picture.
King Vidor stepped in to direct the sept-tone Kansas sequences and a couple of re-shoots for "The Wizard of Oz" in Fleming's absence. From that moment on, progress had gained momentum on the production. Fleming had managed to halt filming, in order to work with Selznick and Ben Hecht to revise and complete the script, which eventually resulted in restoring Sidney Howard's original script at the behest of both Fleming and Hecht.
Not only did he worked closely with Selznick and the crew, but also with the actors. Despite his reputation as a "man's director", due to his robust attitude and love of outdoor sports, he was also proven an effective director of women. Due to the sheer giant magnitude of the film and his tireless commitment to complete both the film, Fleming collapsed from exhaustion and was temporarily excused from production in order for him to fully recover.
Fleming eventually recovered and returned back to work to oversee the editing and post-production work of the film.
As of the end of principal photography, Cukor had undertaken eighteen days of filming, Fleming ninety-three, and Wood twenty-four. Clark Gable wasn't convinced that he was suited to play Rhett Butler in 'Gone With the Wind' which most readers of the book were certain that author Margaret Mitchell had conceived Rhett with Clark in mind.
While the character was in keeping with the public image of Clark - dashing, dangerous and a spirit of adventure Miss Mitchell disputed this and fact was on her side as she conceived Rhett when Clark was still a field worker in Oklahoma In the public's eye he was the only one to play Rhett and even his pal Spencer Tracy took to calling him Rhett whenever they met at the studio. Lillian Gish had originally been approached to take on the part of Scarlett's mother.
According to a poll, the modern readership of the novel consisted mostly of women, those aged 44 or more, both Southerners and Midwesterners, both whites and Hispanics. The problem was that Selznick wanted the length reduced but was against anything already in the script being cut. Selznick and Howard spent months revising each scene countless of times until finally, in October, Howard quit. Selznick took all the material, enough to fill a four draw filing cabinet, with scriptwriter Jo Swerling to Bermuda to try and produce a workable script but 2 months later it was in the same shape as when they started.
Meanwhile other work was continuing, the characters in the book had been reduced to 59, a record for any production at the time. From to , David O. Selznick called Tallulah Bankhead the "first choice among established stars" to play Scarlett O'Hara in the upcoming film. Although her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor.
Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett, who is 16 at the beginning of the film. Selznick then offered Bankhead the role of prostitute Belle Watling in the film, but she turned it down.
MAD magazine published a parody of the film in In it the counterparts of Rhett and Ashley fall in love with each other and run off together. The idea of a sequel to this film was scrapped, but in the s there was a sequel in the form of a television miniseries. The series was Scarlett , based on the sequel novel of the same name.
Producer David O. Selznick and production designer William Cameron Menzies also directed parts of this film, uncredited. Counting write-in nominations, this is the first year that the Best Actress Oscar winner, in this case Vivien Leigh for her role in this film, was up against competitors who were all nominated for performances in Best Picture nominated films.
David O Selznick wanted the railroad scene of the Confederate wounded to be the longest and highest 'pull back' in film history to depict the shocking human wastage of war. Today it would be easy with a helicopter shot but it was impossible in A search through California found a crane rig of feet with a 90 foot extension. The Screen Extras Guild, hearing of this demanded real people were used for all the wounded.
Selznick agreed but the Guild could only supply 1, Filming started with George Cukor directing but Clark Gable complained that he was being overworked. Selznick felt he needed a director experienced in spectacle aspects. Cukor resigned upsetting Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Haviland but their protests were ignored by Selznick who consulted Clark Gable on a replacement director.
Clark suggested Victor Fleming who took firm control. At the fire sequence stuntman Yakima Canutt Gable's long time double drove the horse and buggy while another stuntman stood in for Scarlett, who at that time hadn't been cast.
Just returned from the war, Ashley Wilkes is back at Tara helping mend fences by splitting rails. In a conversation with Scarlett, he uses the word "tommyrot". This is a word that was first coined almost 20 years later, in the early s. Besides the film, the novel "Gone with the Wind" has received other adaptations. Among them are the Japanese-British theatrical musical "Scarlett" , the Japanese theatrical musical with an all-female cast "Kaze to Tomo ni Sarinu" , the French theatrical musical "Autant en Emporte le Vent" , the Hungarian ballet of the same name , the British theatrical musical "Gone with the Wind" , and the Canadian theatrical version of the same name The title comes from a Dowson transaltion of an Ancient Greek poem: "Dowson had been educated in France, and he was a translator of Verlaine.
This week's poem, "Non sum qualis eram bonae sub regno Cynarae", owes some of its dreamy music to the syllable French line, the Alexandrine, which dominates the beginning of each stanza, and carries the poem's story, such as it is.
Mitchell was a fan of this line and used it for her famous book; and the rest is history. The London premiere on 18 April was spread over three venues simultaneously. The Palace Theatre, Shaftesbury Avenue better known as a live theatre screened the film for seven-and-a-half weeks. But it was at the Ritz, Leicester Square, where GWTW enjoyed its historic run, clocking up a record-breaking weeks approximately four years and two months , finally closing on 8 June Taking over the following day at the Ritz, Broadway Rhythm had a noticeably shorter run, lasting just two weeks.
The search for Scarlett was born out of necessity as before he could make a deal with MGM for the loan of Clark Gable David Selznick had to fill his contract with United Artists for a number of films so he was unable to begin production on 'Gone With the Wind' for 2 and a half years after he'd bought the rights. Ever the showman he conceived the idea of a search for the right person to play Scarlett.
At one time he employed over talent scouts to cover small theatres, drama schools and universities to find the right girl. Hundreds were flown to Hollywood for a screen screen tests, one was a Brooklyn girl Edythe Marrenner, who was spotted as a model in a New York millinery show by Irene Mayer Selznick. Although she failed to become Scarlett she went on to fame as Susan Hayward.
While Selznick was insistant on casting an unknown he also tested known actresses such as Paulette Goddard and Frances Dee who made an excellent tests. During the burning Selznick's brother Myron arrived with a woman who he introduced as Scarlett. It was Vivien Leigh. After Big Sam saves Scarlett he drives her home. The next scene you only see Scarlett in the buggy. It is the first film to be nominated for more than 10 Academy Awards, as it earned 13 nominations in competitive categories.
It is also the first film to win more than five Academy Awards, as it won eight competitive Oscars. During the casting, Erin O'Brien-Moore was suggested for the role of Scarlett, although she was ultimately never auditioned or given a screen test.
Donna L. Ellithorpe, a student from the L. Jeffrey Selznick of Film Preservation, worked with the Technicolor company in Hollywood to preserve several surviving screen tests for the film in Zasu Pitts was considered for the role of Aunt Pittypat. The film was first released in the United Kingdom in April, The poem is a quote from an Ernest Dowson poem "Cynara!
Gone with the Wind! As of now, this is the longest movie made with over , votes on IMDb. Leslie Howard's horse's name was Cochise. Davis's polo pony. So many tests were made for the part of Scarlett that Selznick ended up with some 24 hours of film. The only film in which Vivien Leigh won an acting Oscar for her performance in a film which won Best Picture. Leslie Howard was a reluctant addition to the cast saying that Ashley Wilkes was too weak a character but Selznick promised that he could be associate producer as well as star in 'Intermezzo'.
Legend has it that three directors handled the films production chores. In fact as many as eight directors were used to complete the massive job. Cukor and Fleming were the full production directors, with Sam Wood and Sidney Franklin filling in for Fleming during his convalescence. Production designer William Cameron Menzies handled some studio scenes of Scarlett's harried journey back to Tara during the war. Reeves Eason handled the tricky stunt scenes of Bonnie's fatal pony ride. Yakima Canutt directed some stunt work, and even Selznick himself, a very hands-on producer, handled some direction.
Considering the amount of second-unit shots needed there could be a few more directors who's work will remain uncredited. One reason for the high volume of film shot for this production is that the new Technicolor cameras ran three strips of film at once. Besides the authorized sequels and prequel of "Gone with the Wind", there is a significant derivative work: The best selling novel "The Wind Done Gone" by Alice Randall. It features the same characters under different names, re-interprets them and expands on their personal histories and interactions.
It also gives a more prominent role to the slaves and freedmen of the original novel. The fictional character Scarlett from the G. Joe franchise created in is named after Scarlett O'Hara. Her real name is Shana O'Hara and she is from Atlanta.
The novel has been translated into over 70 languages and has a large international readership. According to traditional history, it was the coronation place and seat of the High Kings of Ireland. Sidney Howard presented a first draft of the script in February It was a script for a five and a half hour movie. Selznick and George Cukor finally began to work on the script.
By August, they had a second draft, which was fifteen pages longer than the first. Many years later, Dare worked as an actor on the TV series, "Sledge Hammer" at the old Selznick studio's backlot, in the episode, "All Shook Up", in the opening scene, Dare plays Elvis who walks to his car in parking lot , in the exact same location where Olivia escapes Atlanta, in the back of Clark Gable's wagon, with her infant son "Beau".
The film is included on Roger Ebert 's "Great Movies" list. Besides English-language sequels and derivative works of "Gone with the Wind", there are foreign-language unauthorized sequels. Among them are Russian and Hungarian series by multiple authors.
In a poll contacted by the BBC about the favorite novels of the British reading public, "Gone with the Wind" came in 21st. The ethnic origin of Frank Kennedy, Scarlett's second husband, is uncertain. The name Kennedy is Gaelic in origin, popular in both Ireland and Scotland. He was dismissed three weeks into filming by producer David O.
Gone with the Wind Gone with the Wind. For example, the oil used to grease Tin Man's joints was made from chocolate syrup. The tornado scene was also complex and costly. Post-production work continued until November. The dog has its own memorial at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery. When adjusted for monetary inflation, 'Gone with the Wind' remains one of the most commercially successful films in cinema history. Incidentally, it took the studio's art department almost a week to settle on the final shade of yellow used for the yellow brick road.
Pictured here is a lobby card with a still of the deleted musical number 'Hail! The Witch is Dead! Frank Baum, from which the film is adapted.
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